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Finance & Accounting
Guides for India

Practical articles on IND AS, GST, Income Tax and more — written for CAs, CFOs and finance teams. Free, no fluff, with real journal entry examples.

IND AS 7

IND AS 7 Statement of Cash Flows — Direct vs Indirect Method, Classification & Non-Cash Items Explained

Classifying cash flows as operating, investing or financing, cash and cash equivalents, the direct vs indirect method, and the financing-liabilities reconciliation — with a complete worked example.

August 2026 · 17 min read Read
IND AS 24

IND AS 24 Related Party Disclosures — Who Counts as Related & What Must Be Disclosed

Control vs joint control vs significant influence, key management personnel, close family members, what's excluded from the definition, and required disclosures — with a worked example mapping a group's related parties.

August 2026 · 16 min read Read
IND AS 21

IND AS 21 Foreign Exchange — Functional Currency, Monetary vs Non-Monetary Items & Translation Explained

Determining functional currency, the monetary vs non-monetary distinction, initial and subsequent measurement, and translating a foreign operation's financial statements — with a complete worked example and journal entries.

August 2026 · 17 min read Read
IND AS 113

IND AS 113 Fair Value Measurement — Exit Price, Valuation Techniques & the Fair Value Hierarchy Explained

Exit price, principal vs most advantageous market, highest and best use, the three valuation approaches, and the Level 1/2/3 fair value hierarchy — with a worked example classifying real investments.

August 2026 · 17 min read Read
IND AS 38

IND AS 38 Intangible Assets — Research vs Development, Useful Life & Amortization Explained

The research phase vs development phase test, internally generated intangibles, indefinite vs finite useful life, and amortization — with a complete worked example covering R&D and software development.

August 2026 · 17 min read Read
IND AS 16

IND AS 16 Property, Plant & Equipment — Componentization, Depreciation & Revaluation Explained

Recognition criteria, component accounting, what costs can be capitalized, the cost model vs revaluation model, depreciation method and review, and derecognition — with a complete worked example and journal entries.

August 2026 · 18 min read Read
IND AS 37

IND AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets Explained

The three-part recognition test, measurement and discounting, contingent liabilities vs contingent assets, reimbursements, onerous contracts and restructuring provisions — with worked examples and journal entries.

August 2026 · 17 min read Read
IND AS 36

IND AS 36 Impairment of Assets — CGU, Value in Use & Goodwill Impairment Explained

Impairment indicators, recoverable amount (fair value less costs of disposal vs value in use), cash-generating units, goodwill allocation, the impairment loss waterfall, and reversal rules — with a complete worked example and journal entries.

August 2026 · 18 min read Read
IND AS 19

IND AS 19 Employee Benefits — Gratuity, Actuarial Valuation & Leave Encashment Explained

Short-term, post-employment and other long-term benefits — the Projected Unit Credit method, net defined benefit liability, OCI remeasurements, gratuity and leave encashment accounting — with a complete worked example and journal entries.

August 2026 · 19 min read Read
IND AS 115

IND AS 115 / IFRS 15 Revenue Recognition — The Complete 5-Step Model Explained

The full 5-step model — identifying contracts and performance obligations, variable consideration, allocating transaction price by standalone selling price, over-time vs point-in-time recognition, contract modifications — with a complete worked example and journal entries.

August 2026 · 18 min read Read
IND AS 115

Principal or Agent — Gross Revenue or Net Commission?

The IND AS 115 principal vs agent assessment explained with the three control indicators, worked examples for goods, food delivery and marketplace models, journal entries, and why the gross/net call matters for ratios, covenants and audits.

August 2026 · 12 min read Read
IND AS 109

IND AS 109 Financial Instruments — Classification, Recognition & Measurement Explained

The business model and SPPI tests, amortised cost vs FVOCI vs FVTPL, initial and subsequent measurement, impairment, derecognition and hedge accounting — with a full worked example from purchase to sale.

August 2026 · 17 min read Read
IND AS 12 / IAS 12

Deferred Tax under IND AS 12 — DTA, DTL, Temporary Differences & Journal Entries

Complete guide to deferred tax for Indian CAs — temporary differences, taxable vs deductible, step-by-step depreciation example, full journal entries for creating and reversing DTA/DTL, and common mistakes to avoid.

July 2026 · 12 min read Read
IND AS 116

Incremental Borrowing Rate (IBR) under IND AS 116 — How to Determine It in India

Auditor-ready methodology for deriving IBR in India — SBI MCLR approach, credit spreads by entity type, full worked example, sensitivity table and the one-page documentation workpaper auditors expect.

July 2026 · 16 min read Read
IND AS 118 / IFRS 18

IND AS 118 / IFRS 18 — Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements Explained

The new operating/investing/financing categories, two mandatory P&L subtotals, management-defined performance measure (MPM) disclosures, and what changes in the cash flow statement — with a full worked example.

August 2026 · 15 min read Read
IND AS 117 / IFRS 17

IND AS 117 / IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts — Complete Guide with Worked Examples

GMM, PAA and VFA measurement models explained plainly. CSM concept, insurance revenue vs premium received, two full worked examples (motor PAA + life GMM), transition approaches and key disclosures.

July 2026 · 16 min read Read
Income Tax

Capital Gains Tax India FY 2025-26: Complete Guide with Worked Examples

Finance Act 2024 rates on equity, property, gold and debt MF. LTCG 12.5%, STCG 20%, grandfathering for pre-2018 equity, indexation option for property — with comprehensive worked examples for AY 2026-27.

July 2026 · 15 min read Read
IND AS 116

Lease Accounting as per IND AS 116 — Quarterly Rent Worked Example

Full worked example with rent paid quarterly, Day 1 to Year 3 — ROU asset, lease liability, amortization schedule and all journal entries explained clearly for CAs and finance teams.

July 2026 · 12 min read Read
IND AS 116

IND AS 116 Lease Accounting — Monthly Rent Worked Example

Complete walkthrough with rent paid monthly, from commencement date to termination — PV calculation, amortisation table, ROU depreciation, all 4 journal entries and balance sheet impact.

July 2026 · 14 min read Read
IND AS 116

Lease Modification under IND AS 116 — Para 45 and 46 Explained

When does a lease change become a modification? Para 45 remeasurement, Para 46a scope reduction and Para 46b new lease — with decision tree, worked examples and journal entries.

July 2026 · 14 min read Read
IND AS 109

ECL Provision Matrix under IND AS 109 — Step-by-Step with Worked Example

Build an Expected Credit Loss provision matrix for trade receivables — ageing buckets, loss rates, forward-looking adjustments and journal entries, with a full worked example for a textile manufacturer.

July 2026 · 12 min read Read
IND AS vs IFRS

IND AS vs IFRS: Key Differences Every CA and CFO Must Know

Carve-outs, deferrals, and India-specific modifications explained across goodwill, hedge accounting, leases, employee benefits and more — with a master comparison table.

July 2026 · 16 min read Read
IND AS 116

IND AS 116 / IFRS 16 Lease Accounting: Complete Guide with Journal Entries

Step-by-step guide to recognising ROU assets, lease liabilities, amortisation schedules and journal entries under IND AS 116. Includes worked example.

June 2026 · 10 min read Read
IND AS 109

Security Deposit Accounting under IND AS 109 — Journal Entries & Examples

How to account for refundable security deposits under IND AS 109 / IFRS 9. Covers fair value, Day 1 discount, EIR amortisation and balance sheet impact.

June 2026 · 8 min read Read
GST

GSTR-2B Reconciliation: Step-by-Step Guide for CAs

Coming soon — How to reconcile GSTR-2B with purchase register, handle mismatches and claim maximum ITC without notices.

Coming soon
Income Tax

New Tax Regime vs Old Tax Regime FY 2026-27: Which is Better?

Coming soon — A structured comparison with salary slabs, deductions and worked examples to help you choose the right regime.

Coming soon
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