Practical articles on IND AS, GST, Income Tax and more — written for CAs, CFOs and finance teams. Free, no fluff, with real journal entry examples.
Why a parent guaranteeing its subsidiary's loan for free still has to recognise fair value on Day 1, the "higher of" subsequent measurement rule, and why the subsidiary itself recognises nothing at all.
A forward contract hedging a forecast export receivable, with full journal entries showing OCI deferral and recycling — plus a fair value hedge example for an interest rate swap.
Stage 1/2/3, Significant Increase in Credit Risk, PD/LGD/EAD mechanics and a multi-year worked example of a loan moving through stages — vs RBI's IRAC provisioning norms for NBFCs.
A multi-year Contractual Service Margin roll-forward, participating-product VFA mechanics, ULIP treatment and onerous contracts — measured against the old Gross Premium Valuation and reversionary bonus regime.
Motor Own Damage, the long-tail Motor Third Party problem, Fire and reinsurance held — full worked examples of the Premium Allocation Approach against the old IRDAI UPR/IBNR reserving regime.
Why most Indian real estate sales are recognised at possession, not progressively during construction — RERA escrow implications, variable consideration, contract costs, and a worked example vs the old percentage-of-completion method.
The single disclosure standard covering subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated structured entities, significant judgements in control assessment, and material NCI disclosures — with a complete worked example.
Joint control and the unanimous consent requirement, the joint operation vs joint venture classification test, the separate vehicle question, and why proportionate consolidation isn't permitted — with a complete worked example.
The management approach, the Chief Operating Decision Maker, the 10% quantitative thresholds, the 75% revenue test, and segment reconciliations — with a complete worked example applying the thresholds to five segments.
Significance-of-instruments disclosures, credit/liquidity/market risk, the undiscounted maturity analysis, and sensitivity analysis — with a complete worked example illustrating an interest-rate sensitivity table.
Minimum interim report content, the discrete period approach, applying the same annual policies, seasonal revenue treatment, and estimating the annual effective tax rate — with a complete worked example.
What separate financial statements are, the three permitted measurement options for investments in subsidiaries/associates/JVs, and dividend recognition — with a complete worked example comparing the cost and equity methods.
The date of transition, retrospective application as the default rule, mandatory exceptions vs optional exemptions (deemed cost, business combinations), and required reconciliations — with a complete worked example.
The three elements of control (including de facto control), NCI measurement options, line-by-line consolidation procedures, and ownership changes with/without loss of control — with a complete worked example.
The substance-based liability vs equity test, the fixed-for-fixed condition, compound instrument split accounting, treasury shares, and offsetting — with a complete worked example splitting a convertible bond.
Significant influence and the 20% presumption, the equity method mechanics, losses exceeding the investment, upstream/downstream elimination, and impairment — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Recognition criteria, why the capital approach isn't permitted, the deferred income method for asset grants, grants related to income, and repayment of grants — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Adjusting vs non-adjusting events, the post-year-end going concern override, and dividends declared after the reporting period — with a complete worked example classifying four real scenarios.
Selecting and changing accounting policies, distinguishing a policy change from an estimate change, retrospective vs prospective application, and correcting prior period errors — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
The complete set of financial statements, general features, current vs non-current classification (including the rights-at-reporting-date test), and OCI presentation — with a complete worked example.
The held-for-sale classification criteria, measurement at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, why depreciation stops, and discontinued operations presentation — with a complete worked example.
The acquisition method, identifying the acquirer, fair value of identifiable net assets, computing goodwill or a bargain purchase gain, and the measurement period — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Equity-settled vs cash-settled awards, grant-date fair value, service vs market vesting conditions, and the graded-vesting expense pattern — with a complete worked example covering an ESOP grant.
What qualifies as investment property, dual-use and ancillary-service classification, why India mandates the cost model over IAS 40's fair value option, and transfers to/from investment property — with a complete worked example.
Identifying a qualifying asset, specific vs general borrowings, the weighted average capitalisation rate, and when to start, suspend and cease capitalisation — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Computing basic EPS, the weighted average number of shares, potential ordinary shares, diluted EPS, and the anti-dilution test — with a complete worked example covering convertible debentures.
The lower of cost and NRV rule, cost of purchase and conversion, fixed overhead allocation at normal capacity, FIFO vs weighted average, and NRV write-downs and reversals — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Classifying cash flows as operating, investing or financing, cash and cash equivalents, the direct vs indirect method, and the financing-liabilities reconciliation — with a complete worked example.
Control vs joint control vs significant influence, key management personnel, close family members, what's excluded from the definition, and required disclosures — with a worked example mapping a group's related parties.
Determining functional currency, the monetary vs non-monetary distinction, initial and subsequent measurement, and translating a foreign operation's financial statements — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Exit price, principal vs most advantageous market, highest and best use, the three valuation approaches, and the Level 1/2/3 fair value hierarchy — with a worked example classifying real investments.
The research phase vs development phase test, internally generated intangibles, indefinite vs finite useful life, and amortization — with a complete worked example covering R&D and software development.
Recognition criteria, component accounting, what costs can be capitalized, the cost model vs revaluation model, depreciation method and review, and derecognition — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
The three-part recognition test, measurement and discounting, contingent liabilities vs contingent assets, reimbursements, onerous contracts and restructuring provisions — with worked examples and journal entries.
Impairment indicators, recoverable amount (fair value less costs of disposal vs value in use), cash-generating units, goodwill allocation, the impairment loss waterfall, and reversal rules — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
Short-term, post-employment and other long-term benefits — the Projected Unit Credit method, net defined benefit liability, OCI remeasurements, gratuity and leave encashment accounting — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
The full 5-step model — identifying contracts and performance obligations, variable consideration, allocating transaction price by standalone selling price, over-time vs point-in-time recognition, contract modifications — with a complete worked example and journal entries.
The IND AS 115 principal vs agent assessment explained with the three control indicators, worked examples for goods, food delivery and marketplace models, journal entries, and why the gross/net call matters for ratios, covenants and audits.
The business model and SPPI tests, amortised cost vs FVOCI vs FVTPL, initial and subsequent measurement, impairment, derecognition and hedge accounting — with a full worked example from purchase to sale.
Complete guide to deferred tax for Indian CAs — temporary differences, taxable vs deductible, step-by-step depreciation example, full journal entries for creating and reversing DTA/DTL, and common mistakes to avoid.
Auditor-ready methodology for deriving IBR in India — SBI MCLR approach, credit spreads by entity type, full worked example, sensitivity table and the one-page documentation workpaper auditors expect.
The new operating/investing/financing categories, two mandatory P&L subtotals, management-defined performance measure (MPM) disclosures, and what changes in the cash flow statement — with a full worked example.
GMM, PAA and VFA measurement models explained plainly. CSM concept, insurance revenue vs premium received, two full worked examples (motor PAA + life GMM), transition approaches and key disclosures.
Finance Act 2024 rates on equity, property, gold and debt MF. LTCG 12.5%, STCG 20%, grandfathering for pre-2018 equity, indexation option for property — with comprehensive worked examples for AY 2026-27.
Full worked example with rent paid quarterly, Day 1 to Year 3 — ROU asset, lease liability, amortization schedule and all journal entries explained clearly for CAs and finance teams.
Complete walkthrough with rent paid monthly, from commencement date to termination — PV calculation, amortisation table, ROU depreciation, all 4 journal entries and balance sheet impact.
When does a lease change become a modification? Para 45 remeasurement, Para 46a scope reduction and Para 46b new lease — with decision tree, worked examples and journal entries.
Build an Expected Credit Loss provision matrix for trade receivables — ageing buckets, loss rates, forward-looking adjustments and journal entries, with a full worked example for a textile manufacturer.
Carve-outs, deferrals, and India-specific modifications explained across goodwill, hedge accounting, leases, employee benefits and more — with a master comparison table.
Step-by-step guide to recognising ROU assets, lease liabilities, amortisation schedules and journal entries under IND AS 116. Includes worked example.
How to account for refundable security deposits under IND AS 109 / IFRS 9. Covers fair value, Day 1 discount, EIR amortisation and balance sheet impact.
Coming soon — How to reconcile GSTR-2B with purchase register, handle mismatches and claim maximum ITC without notices.
Coming soon — A structured comparison with salary slabs, deductions and worked examples to help you choose the right regime.